摘要 :
In recent years, the term "policy instrument" has been used frequently with regard to R&D policy and innovation policy. This article examines the development of the term as part of a body of research known as "policy design". Over the last 50 years, there has been substantial progress in setting policy design on a more systematic basis, with the development of established concepts and analytical frameworks, including various taxonomies of policy instruments. However, with just a few exceptions, this body of research seems to have had little impact in the world of R&D policy. The paper reviews the literature on R&D policy instruments, identifies a number of challenges for R&D policy instruments in the light of four transitions and sets out a research agenda for the study of R&D policy instruments, before ending with a number of conclusions....
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In recent years, the term "policy instrument" has been used frequently with regard to R&D policy and innovation policy. This article examines the development of the term as part of a body of research known as "policy design". Over the last 50 years, there has been substantial progress in setting policy design on a more systematic basis, with the development of established concepts and analytical frameworks, including various taxonomies of policy instruments. However, with just a few exceptions, this body of research seems to have had little impact in the world of R&D policy. The paper reviews the literature on R&D policy instruments, identifies a number of challenges for R&D policy instruments in the light of four transitions and sets out a research agenda for the study of R&D policy instruments, before ending with a number of conclusions.
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This paper develops the notion of research ambidexterity (RA) in the context of the entrepreneurial universities. Two levels of research ambidexterity are elaborated - departmental and individual. The putative multilevel relations...
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This paper develops the notion of research ambidexterity (RA) in the context of the entrepreneurial universities. Two levels of research ambidexterity are elaborated - departmental and individual. The putative multilevel relationships between university's antecedents, departmental/individual research ambidexterity and commercial performance are examined. On the basis of a postal questionnaire survey, a dataset of 634 faculty members, 99 departments, and six universities is collected. The results of regressions suggest that both levels of RA facilitate departmental and individual commercial performance, respectively. Moreover, there exist multilevel positive relationships between perceived organizational flexibility, departmental RA, and individual RA and opportunity exploitation. The paper concludes that the development of RA in entrepreneurial universities should be considered as multilevel relationships between universities, departments and individuals. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Calls for better use of scientific evidence to inform policy decisions stem from the belief that enhanced outcomes for the society can be expected. Yet, the introduction of evidence-based practices in innovation policymaking has n...
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Calls for better use of scientific evidence to inform policy decisions stem from the belief that enhanced outcomes for the society can be expected. Yet, the introduction of evidence-based practices in innovation policymaking has not come without criticism. This introductory article sets the scene for the short collection of papers that address specific issues regarding the prospect of better evidence-based policy in the area of industrial research and innovation (IRI). It identifies and discusses key challenges for the transition towards evidence-based IRI policy. It then introduces the three papers, which build upon and depart from related assumptions or narratives reflecting the current state of practices in IRI policy.
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